Sunday, January 25, 2015

Losing One of Us




 On January 20 Stephen Pasceri walked into Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts and shot and killed cardiac surgeon Dr. Michael Davidson before turning the gun on himself. Pasceri's mother was a former patient of Davidson's and passed away last November.  Marguerite Joly, sister to the gunman told the Boston Herald "I think it comes down to the fact that my brother thought it was the doctor's fault that my mother died." It is believed that Pasceri believed a drug therapy given to his mother by Davidson was the cause of her fatality.


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The untimely death of Dr. Davidson brings to light the growing concern of personal safety for medical providers. Attacks by patients are truly a physician nightmare and last week's event is just one of a string of attacks against physicians in the past few years. For example, in 1999 a psychiatrist at Massachusetts General Hospital was stabbed by a patient during a therapy session before the patient was shot dead by a security guard.

Why are physicians suffering in the hands of those we have dedicated our lives to serving? I believe it comes down to perception. Point blank, many in the public think we are God. (We are far from it!). If things go wrong or not as anticipated the assumption is the doctor made a mistake. However often times the person being treated is either very sick or has a condition not amenable to treatment. Unfortunately you cannot save everyone, in spite of your best efforts.  I like to think that God uses physicians to carry out His work here on Earth and ultimately what happens to patients is His decision.  Yes, there are times when malpractice is the cause of unnecessary fatality or increased morbidity, but I don't think that warrants the death of the person who made the mistake.


Working in a high crime area, I have always been nervous about being caught in the middle of the various shootings and incidents that occur outside the hospital.  Never would I have imagined that I now need to be concerned with what happens inside the building. Hospitals and medical centers are supposed to be places of healing, not causes for anxiety and fear for your life. So what do we do now? Do we increase security at hospitals and implement hospital wide metal detectors? Should we evoke the idea of physician right to bear arms in the work place? Or do we just stand and pray that we never encounter a patient or patient acquaintance who wants to take matters into their own hands? I honestly don't know what the answer is.I do believe education should be given to medical staff on how to deal with aggressive and potentially dangerous patients.

I do feel an open discussion needs to be had on changing the public perception of physicians and health care providers. There needs to also be a dialogue on how to extensively explain to patients and family members the extent of someones illness and realistic expectations. Understanding the depth of an illness may help people realize that sometimes no matter how hard a physician may work, the outcome may not be a positive one.

Despite the tragedy at Brigham and Women's Hospital and others in the past, I still believe in the purity of human nature. I'm thankful for the opportunity to help others and believe the majority of people are grateful for the work physicians do.   We at OhemaasMD send our condolences to Dr. Davidson's family and Brigham and Women's Hospital who lost a hard working surgeon, mentor and teacher. Interventional cardiologist Dr. Andrew Eisenhauer said "You should all be assured that Michael Davidson was one of the kindest and best physicians and men that ever walked on this earth,". May his legacy live on through his wife, children, and all the patients who benefited from his work.

Wednesday, January 14, 2015

Natural Cold Remedies

On our previous post we discussed the most common ingredients found in popular cold and cough medications.  For those interested in alternative methods here's a list of home remedies that may improve symptoms including sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneeze, and cough:



GARLIC
  • Garlic is an anti inflammatory agent which is also has antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. 
  • Garlic can help lower blood pressure so caution should be taken by people taking medication to lower blood pressure
  • Garlic cloves can be added to  food or chewed raw
  •  Cloves can also be boiled in hot water and drank with honey

MENTHOL

  • Menthol salves (ie Vicks VaporRub) can help with nasal congestion when placed under the nose or on the chest
  • Soothing ointments like camphor and eucalyptus can aid in numbing the skin around the nose which may be raw and painful from constant rubbing with tissue




HONEY
  • Honey helps soothe an irritated sore throat and can be added to teas and hot fluids or taken raw

WATER and other CLEAR FLUIDS

  • Water, lemon tea/water all help loosen nasal and throat congestion helping removal of mucus.
  • Constantly drinking clear fluids (while avoiding alcohol, soda, and coffee) will also help with congestion and dehydration.

 SALT WATER
  • Salt water gargles can temporarily relieve a sore throat
  • Mix 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of iodide free salt with an 8 oz glass of water and gargle for 10 seconds before spitting out.




GINGER
  • A known expectorant and anti inflammatory, ginger is an excellent cure for the common cold
  • Ginger can be added to teas, drank with boiled water, or chewed raw


MOIST AIR
  • Cold viruses thrive in dry air, one of the reasons why they are more common in the winter
  • Humidifiers, hot showers, and inhaled steam (by covering your face over a pot of boiling water) can all help with congestion 




CHICKEN SOUP

  • Everyone's favorite cold remedy, chicken soup contains anti inflammatory properties, with the clear broth helping to prevent dehydration.




REST
  • Resting will allow your body's immune system to fight off the infection rather than working on operating several body systems at the same time (muscular, neurological, endocrine,etc)


Why aren't Vitamin C and Zinc on the list?

  • Several studies on Vitamin C have shown that contrary to popular belief, it is not effective in the prevention or reduction in severity of the common cold.
  • Zinc was once thought to decrease the duration of a cold howeever research has shown that there may be no acte beenfit of taking zinc to improve symptoms of a cold
    • The FDA recently released a warning against zinc containing nasal sprays due to cases of permanent loss of sense (anosmia) after use.

More remedies can be found at Mayo Clinic

What are some of your favorite remedies?

Monday, January 12, 2015

The Common Cold



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It's that time of the year again, the winter season has brought along what everyone dreads; the common cold.

"The cold", also known as a head or chest cold is most often caused by one of over 400 viruses, rhinovirus and adenovirus being the most common. Symptoms include low grade fever, cough, sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy/sore throat, and general fatigue and malaise. Transmission is through direct contact with air droplets containing a virus or objects (like door handles) with virus particles on them which you touch and invariable transmit to your mucus membranes (mouth, nose) by touching them.

Since the common cold is caused by a virus there is no "quick fix" such as an antibiotic which will cure the infection. Symptoms occur due to the immune response to the virus, more so than the virus' actual destruction of cells and tissues. The average course lasts about 7-10 days and can extend up to 21 days.

The #1 way to prevent getting a cold is to WASH YOUR HANDS. Washing hands after using the restroom or when hands are soiled, after contact with a sick person, and when coming home will decrease your chance of receiving and transmitting viruses. If soap and water are unavailable, hand sanitizer is your next best option.


There are now several over the counter medications which can aid the process of recovery. Discussed below are the most common ingredients found in several cough and cold medications in stores today:


DEXTROMETHORPHAN

 An antitussive (cough suppressant), dextromethorphan is the major ingredient in the majority of cough medications helping to lessen the severity of a cough. Drowsiness is a common side effect so caution should be used when taking this medication and handling automobiles or machinery.
Dur to its ability to create a hallucinogen/"high" effect when taken in large doses, many medications with dextromethorphan (especially cough syrups) now must be bought directly from the pharmacist and with ID.

GUAIFENESIN

An expectorant, guaifenesin thins and loosens mucus in respiratory passages likes the nose and throat.This allows you to cough out the mucus in an attempt to breath easier and also suppress cough.
The most common side effect is nausea and vomiting, especially when taken without food.

ACETAMINOPHEN

The active ingredient in Tylenol (also known as paracetamol), acetaminophen is primarily a fever reducer and pain reliever. 
Generally deemed a safe drug, speak with a physician prior to taking if you have liver disease or have had an allergic reaction to acetaminophen in the past.
In the setting of possible overdose, head to your nearest emergency department as soon as possible.

PHENYLEPHRINE 

Found in both cold medicines and nasal sprays phenylephrine is a nasal decongestant used to help make breathing easier.
Side effects include increase in blood pressure, headache, rebound worsening of symptoms, and feelings of excitation and restlessness.

DIPHENHYDRAMINE

A potent anti histamine, dipenhydramine is used to combat symptoms such as itchy, red eyes, sneezing, itchy/sore throat and a runny nose either from the common cold or allergies.
Diphenhydramine's most common side effect is drowsiness, and is commonly used off label for insomina (difficulty sleeping).




Since the majority of cough and cold medications contain these 5 ingredients they may all potentially help decrease symptoms.  Viruses usually have to run their course before you will notice any improvement so do not be discouraged if you feel the medicine is "not working". Rest, drinking lots of fluids, and avoiding other sick individuals will help you get better in no time.

Cough and cold medication should not be given to children under the age of 4 unless directed by a physician. If you are pregnant speak with your Ob/GYN or primary care physician prior to taking any medication.

If you or someone you know may have overdosed on cough syrup, or any cold or flu mediation, call the Poison Help Line immediately at 1-800-222-1222 or go to your nearest emergency room.

If cold symptoms persist after 21 days with worsening cough, fever, and difficulty breathing you should be seen by a health care professional as colds can sometimes progress to pneumonia or bacterial sinusitis.

Stay tuned for the next post where we discuss natural remedies for the common cold!